TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR Recruiting Small Business Start-up Expert
28-November-2017,

TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR   Recruiting Small Business Start-up Expert   Under the action   AFD project in Gaza “Access to employment for NECC graduates in the Gaza Strip”


Entity subject to Audit:                        Near East Council of Churches Committee for Refugee Work   Country:                                                 oPt, Gaza

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA 1.       Introduction.. 3 1.1     Context. 3 1.2     Project Background.. 3 2.       Assignment Purpose.. 4 3.       Assignment Objectives, Scope of Work and Deliverables. 4 3.1     Objectives. 4 3.2     Scope of Work.. 4 3.3     Deliverables. 5 4.       Methodology.. 6 4.1     Assignment's start. 6 4.2     Time frame. 6 4.3     Human resources. 6 4.4     Documents de reference: 6 5.       Requirements for the Expert/Firm... 7 5.1     General Principles. 7 5.2     Qualifications, Experience and Team Composition.. 7 6.       Submission of proposals. 7
Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA 1.       Introduction.. 3 1.1     Context. 3 1.2     Project Background.. 3 2.       Assignment Purpose.. 4 3.       Assignment Objectives, Scope of Work and Deliverables. 4 3.1     Objectives. 4 3.2     Scope of Work.. 4 3.3     Deliverables. 5 4.       Methodology.. 6 4.1     Assignment's start. 6 4.2     Time frame. 6 4.3     Human resources. 6 4.4     Documents de reference: 6 5.       Requirements for the Expert/Firm... 7 5.1     General Principles. 7 5.2     Qualifications, Experience and Team Composition.. 7 6.       Submission of proposals. 7 Table of Contents


Normal 0 false false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA

1.        Introduction

1.1      Context

The following are the terms of reference (‘ToR’) on which Near East Council of Churches Committee for Refugee Work (NECCCRW) agrees to engage the Business Expert to perform a consultancy service in small business start-up mainly including the training, preparing business plans, conduct the post-establishment coaching and to report under the project to the dedicated team of Near East Council of Churches Committee for Refugee Work (NECCCRW). Under the Israeli blockade for 10 years, the Gaza strip is facing a nearly complete isolation, affecting its economy. The official unemployment rate is 43.2% reaching 63,3% among the young population between 15 to 29 years old. The perspectives of employment and investment are all the more as limited as the young people have no opportunities to have a first professional experience. Concentrating on the qualified young people coming from the centers of professional and technical training, the project plans to support the access to employment for young people in Gaza through professional apprenticeship, help to employment and development for their own activities. It also plans to accompany NECCCRW, in its development and the sustainability of its actions to sustain the employment for young people.

1.2      Project Background

NECCCRW has signed a 3 years project contract with SCCF (Secours Catholique – Caritas France) for the project ‘Access to employment for NECC graduates in the Gaza Strip’ project. In this partnership, SCCF is a financial and technical partner for NECCCRW which is the implementing partner. To finance this project, SCCF has signed a financial agreement with the French Development Agency (AFD) for 3 years. The overall objective of the project is to contribute to the reduction of poverty in the Gaza strip through access for young people (men and women) to work. The project’s specific objective aims to improve employment for young Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) graduates in the Gaza Strip. One of the project components is to support the establishment of 60 start-up TVET businesses (in 3 cycles/batches; 20 in each cycle/batch). The project will be providing direct business development support and services for promoting these start-up businesses to build their capacity and expand their market outreach and thus enabling them of penetrating targeted markets either individually or in partnership with an existing corporate business. The targeted start-up businesses will be selected from a pool of start-up businesses which have graduated from the NECCCRW different vocational training departments in different professions (i.e. carpentry, welding, aluminium, general electricity and dressmaking). Project’s period: 3-years Start date: 01/07/2017 End date: 30/06/2020      

2.        Assignment Purpose


The consultancy service will be performed at the premises of the NECCCRW in Gaza in favour of selected target group of the TVET programs run by the NECCCRW. Two business start-up and development experts are meant to be recruited within this assignment either individually or jointly as a team to deliver the services of training, business startup and development, coaching on the business grow-up, promoting and marketing the business. The purpose of the assignment is to ensure that the project target groups have enhanced their capacities to realize and materialize their small start-up businesses by receiving comprehensive specialized business management training, development of business models in coherence with markets, as well as coaching and business promotion and development services.   The Business Expert will obtain a preliminary clarification brief of this ToR in addition to documents contain key information including the purpose for the consultancy, the Contract Terms and Conditions, the related part of Project Log-frame, orientation on TVET programs at NECC and staff, contact details and related needed documents. A contract will be signed between NECCCRW and the Business Expert/Firm for the entire period of the 3-year. The consultancy service will be conducted in four stages; first: a preparatory meeting between NECCCRW and the Expert (and SCCF, depending on the availabilities of the project officer), second: implementation phase of the business management training and business start-up, third: the post business establishment services (e.g. coaching) and fourth: final reporting (after the end of each business start-up cycle/patch).   The main objective of the preparatory meeting is for the consultant to fully understand the scope and approaches that the project adopts and the procedures and steps expected to be undertaken to implement the activities.  

3.        Assignment Objectives, Scope of Work and Deliverables

1.1      Objectives

To ensure that the business will meet a specified market demand in a way this provides a sustainable employment. The process provides the opportunity for the startup businesses to engage with the market and to meet labor market needs to certain professions/products in creative and innovative way. The provided services by the Expert, including training in business start-up management, developing business plans, delivering coaching services and other related tasks, are mainly aiming to build and enhance capacities of project beneficiaries including business grant receivables and NECC staff to both enhance the capacity of participating graduates in starting-up their business, managing it and how to make it growing up  and build the capacities of NECC staff respectively in involving business creation and management into the delivery of TVET for the project lifelong.

1.2      Scope of Work

In close cooperation and coordination with the key project team, the work of the Expert should include but not limited to the tasks of: ·         In year one (for one time only); Conducting 12 days of training for TVET trainers (belonging NECCCRW) on small business management so that those NECCCRW trainers are able to deliver this training in the frame of the technical training curriculum. ·         On yearly basis, one cycle is including; o   Conduct 48 working days of training and individual counselling for 4 training groups (12 training days per group, 5 hours per day). Each group is consisting of 13 trainees (total number of trainees in all groups is 50 of NECC TVET graduates from 4 professions). Each working day includes training delivery, training material preparation, assessments, plans and needed paper work. o   Throughout the training, 20 trainees out of the 50 graduates would be selected to be granted with small businesses. o   The Expert will be part of a committee with key project staff responsible for the selection process of those potential grantees in cooperation (including during the “diagnostic” phase) o   The Expert will provide technical inputs for the improvement of the business model, business plan, marketing plan and in particular enhancements to value proposition, products/services and targeted markets. o   Conduct Small business start-up coaching; field visits to the grantee beneficiaries, 5 visits by each beneficiary/business for 20 beneficiary/business each year (100 visits a year: 25 days of fees, at the rate of 4 visits a day) including fees and transportations. The coaching is including: ·         Identify potential markets and support networks. ·         Identify opportunities to promote the business and to find potential business partners including links to business missions. ·         Final reporting and documentation. ·         The project is including 3 cycles/batches so the previously mentioned activities number 1, 2 and 3 will be repeated three times; one per year. ·         Provide detailed action plans for conducting the training courses as well as the following coaching and follow-up. ·         The training materials should be designed using modern adult learning techniques including real life situations, examples, exercise, roles playing. The materials should be provided in Arabic and English. ·         Prepare and submit interim and end-of-mission reports.  

1.3      Deliverables

·         Provide a detailed time schedule to conduct the business start-up training and the pursuant activities. ·          Prepare a Trainer Manual and supporting training materials (participant’s exercises, hand-outs, slides, etc.) for the training course, based on consultation with the key project team. The final manual should be submitted to the project team no later than 15 days before the start of the course in order to allow adequate time for reviewing and printing. ·         Provide technical inputs and edits to develop and finalize full Business models/plans that will be provided by the participant start-ups (total of 60 small businesses during the project: 20 businesses per year) corresponding to TVET professions of carpentry, welding, aluminium, general electricity and dressmaking in close coherence with the markets and vendors and cooperation with project team and TVET trainers of NECCCRW. ·         Provide assessment and selection methodology with clear criteria in order to be able to select those among the participants who will benefit from a grant? Enhanced business model, realize and materialize products to ensure that it is well-positioned and marketable in the local markets. ·         Coaching plans including timing, contents, check lists and etc. ·         Promote membership and support network linkages with similar businesses in the local market for each start up business. ·         Reporting: provide 1) end-of-patch/cycle reports in due times including full documentation for the implemented activities (e.g. training, coaching, etc.) in addition to 2) end-of mission report at the end of the whole business start-up cycles. See section 4.2 (Time frame) in next. ·         Reporting and correspondence language: English.

4.        Methodology

The training will be conducted through participatory process, where participants will be supported by the Expert to propose their own businesses ideas to work on and to increase their knowledge upon. At the end of the training, participants will have not only understanding of the concepts of business start-up management, but also will produce a business model/feasibility study under closed supervision provided by the Expert. Ideas provided by the trainees (beneficiary grantees) will be corresponding to 5 main professions (crafts) namely carpentry, welding, aluminum, general electricity, dressmaking.

4.1      Assignment's start

As mentioned before, the Expert and NECCCRW will organise a one-day preparatory meeting in due time relevant to the launch of small business start-up training starting from February 2018.

4.2      Time frame

  Interim (end-of-batch /cycle) reports in addition to end-of mission reports are exposed to be carried out and submitted by the Expert/Firm in due timing as pursuant: -          The end-of-batch/cycle report is being carried out and submitted by the expert/firm in time duration of 1 month after the conduction of each training and small business start-up establishment patch/cycle (for 20 selected businesses) and after 6-months and 12-month periods of running the coaching for businesses corresponding to the patch/cycle. -          Thereby, those actions will be run three times within the project lifelong (one per each patch/cycle). -          The end-of-mission report will be carried out within 1 month duration from the end of executing all the three project batches/cycles. This report is most likely to include information about all the assignment related activities including methodologies and approaches adopted, the training implemented, developing business models, running the coaching, selected prominent success stories and all other related issues.  

4.3      Human resources

Within NECCCRW and SCCF whom the expert/firm has to meet (or to be in contact with): -          Project manager. -          Project coordinator. -          Financial director. -          Executive Director. -          SCCF Projects Officer.  

4.4      Documents de reference:

-          Needed project documents. -          NECCCRW training manual / Training course -          NECCCRW internal procedures manual -          Human Resources contracts -          Others  

5.        Requirements for the Expert/Firm

1.1      General Principles

By agreeing these ToR the Expert confirms that he/she meets at least one of the following conditions: ·      The Expert and/or the Firm is a member of a national business development body. ·      The Expert and/or the Firm is authorized and eligible for providing the aforementioned consultancy service and has a full-profile of such delivery of work. ·      Have proven substantial similar experience in provision of services as stated in the scope of work above. ·      Have the resources, ability and technical expertise to provide the required assignment and implementation plan. ·      Submit a full technical proposal and implementation schedule. ·      Submit a detailed financial proposal in accordance with the ToR and the Technical Proposal submitted. ·      Attachment of individual/company profile/CV showing qualifications and previous experience in similar assignments.

1.2      Qualifications, Experience and Team Composition

The Expert/Firm will employ adequate staff with appropriate professional qualifications in small business start-up management within several years in consultancy domain.     Expert Requirements:   1.    Advanced university degree in marketing, business, economics or other related discipline; 2.    At least 10 years of experience in running, supporting or commercializing businesses within the private sector including TVET-based businesses; 3.    At least 7 years of experience in delivering training and coaching services for related TVET business startups including developing business models; 4.    Well connected with local, regional and international markets and support networks. 5.    Experience in the development of related business partnerships; 6.    Experience in monitoring the businesses and doing the proper follow-up. 7.    Has the contextual knowledge and capability to work with TVET-based business start-ups based in the Gaza Strip; 8.    Excellent communication, presentation and reporting skills; and, 9.    Excellent drafting skills in English and Arabic.  

6.        Submission of proposals

Experts/Firms will be expected to detail in their submissions indicating how they would undertake the required role and provide the following; §  A “one original copy” of Technical Proposal for providing the actions described above with estimated time assigned (15 hrs per each startup). §  A “one original copy” of Financial Proposal describing the costs assigned to the tasks. §  Supporting documents and qualifications. §  ToR copy would be requested at NECC-Head Quarter Bldg., Gaza city.     §  All proposals are kindly requested to be delivered no later than Wednesday 10/1/2018 to the following address: NECC Head Quarter Bldg., 22/330 Said Al’as Street, Remal, Gaza, Palestine, and to the emails: necc@neccgaza.org, m.alhalimi@neccgaza.org and missioncourte@secours-catholique.org. §  For queries corresponded to this assignment, we are delighted to receive it by Eng. Mahmoud Alhalimi, the TVET Program Coordinator, cell no: 0599 604 641. §  Following submission, NECC may engage in further discussion with applicants concerning quotations in order to ensure mutual understanding and an optimal agreement.

7.        Method of payment:

§  The service provider will be paid correspondently with the end of certain tasks and deliverables as per the assignment contract.       Normal 0 false false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA

1.        Introduction

1.1      Context

The following are the terms of reference (‘ToR’) on which Near East Council of Churches Committee for Refugee Work (NECCCRW) agrees to engage the Business Expert to perform a consultancy service in small business start-up mainly including the training, preparing business plans, conduct the post-establishment coaching and to report under the project to the dedicated team of Near East Council of Churches Committee for Refugee Work (NECCCRW). Under the Israeli blockade for 10 years, the Gaza strip is facing a nearly complete isolation, affecting its economy. The official unemployment rate is 43.2% reaching 63,3% among the young population between 15 to 29 years old. The perspectives of employment and investment are all the more as limited as the young people have no opportunities to have a first professional experience. Concentrating on the qualified young people coming from the centers of professional and technical training, the project plans to support the access to employment for young people in Gaza through professional apprenticeship, help to employment and development for their own activities. It also plans to accompany NECCCRW, in its development and the sustainability of its actions to sustain the employment for young people.

1.2      Project Background

NECCCRW has signed a 3 years project contract with SCCF (Secours Catholique – Caritas France) for the project ‘Access to employment for NECC graduates in the Gaza Strip’ project. In this partnership, SCCF is a financial and technical partner for NECCCRW which is the implementing partner. To finance this project, SCCF has signed a financial agreement with the French Development Agency (AFD) for 3 years. The overall objective of the project is to contribute to the reduction of poverty in the Gaza strip through access for young people (men and women) to work. The project’s specific objective aims to improve employment for young Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) graduates in the Gaza Strip. One of the project components is to support the establishment of 60 start-up TVET businesses (in 3 cycles/batches; 20 in each cycle/batch). The project will be providing direct business development support and services for promoting these start-up businesses to build their capacity and expand their market outreach and thus enabling them of penetrating targeted markets either individually or in partnership with an existing corporate business. The targeted start-up businesses will be selected from a pool of start-up businesses which have graduated from the NECCCRW different vocational training departments in different professions (i.e. carpentry, welding, aluminium, general electricity and dressmaking). Project’s period: 3-years Start date: 01/07/2017 End date: 30/06/2020      

2.        Assignment Purpose


The consultancy service will be performed at the premises of the NECCCRW in Gaza in favour of selected target group of the TVET programs run by the NECCCRW. Two business start-up and development experts are meant to be recruited within this assignment either individually or jointly as a team to deliver the services of training, business startup and development, coaching on the business grow-up, promoting and marketing the business. The purpose of the assignment is to ensure that the project target groups have enhanced their capacities to realize and materialize their small start-up businesses by receiving comprehensive specialized business management training, development of business models in coherence with markets, as well as coaching and business promotion and development services.   The Business Expert will obtain a preliminary clarification brief of this ToR in addition to documents contain key information including the purpose for the consultancy, the Contract Terms and Conditions, the related part of Project Log-frame, orientation on TVET programs at NECC and staff, contact details and related needed documents. A contract will be signed between NECCCRW and the Business Expert/Firm for the entire period of the 3-year. The consultancy service will be conducted in four stages; first: a preparatory meeting between NECCCRW and the Expert (and SCCF, depending on the availabilities of the project officer), second: implementation phase of the business management training and business start-up, third: the post business establishment services (e.g. coaching) and fourth: final reporting (after the end of each business start-up cycle/patch).   The main objective of the preparatory meeting is for the consultant to fully understand the scope and approaches that the project adopts and the procedures and steps expected to be undertaken to implement the activities.  

3.        Assignment Objectives, Scope of Work and Deliverables

1.1      Objectives

To ensure that the business will meet a specified market demand in a way this provides a sustainable employment. The process provides the opportunity for the startup businesses to engage with the market and to meet labor market needs to certain professions/products in creative and innovative way. The provided services by the Expert, including training in business start-up management, developing business plans, delivering coaching services and other related tasks, are mainly aiming to build and enhance capacities of project beneficiaries including business grant receivables and NECC staff to both enhance the capacity of participating graduates in starting-up their business, managing it and how to make it growing up  and build the capacities of NECC staff respectively in involving business creation and management into the delivery of TVET for the project lifelong.

1.2      Scope of Work

In close cooperation and coordination with the key project team, the work of the Expert should include but not limited to the tasks of: ·         In year one (for one time only); Conducting 12 days of training for TVET trainers (belonging NECCCRW) on small business management so that those NECCCRW trainers are able to deliver this training in the frame of the technical training curriculum. ·         On yearly basis, one cycle is including; o   Conduct 48 working days of training and individual counselling for 4 training groups (12 training days per group, 5 hours per day). Each group is consisting of 13 trainees (total number of trainees in all groups is 50 of NECC TVET graduates from 4 professions). Each working day includes training delivery, training material preparation, assessments, plans and needed paper work. o   Throughout the training, 20 trainees out of the 50 graduates would be selected to be granted with small businesses. o   The Expert will be part of a committee with key project staff responsible for the selection process of those potential grantees in cooperation (including during the “diagnostic” phase) o   The Expert will provide technical inputs for the improvement of the business model, business plan, marketing plan and in particular enhancements to value proposition, products/services and targeted markets. o   Conduct Small business start-up coaching; field visits to the grantee beneficiaries, 5 visits by each beneficiary/business for 20 beneficiary/business each year (100 visits a year: 25 days of fees, at the rate of 4 visits a day) including fees and transportations. The coaching is including: ·         Identify potential markets and support networks. ·         Identify opportunities to promote the business and to find potential business partners including links to business missions. ·         Final reporting and documentation. ·         The project is including 3 cycles/batches so the previously mentioned activities number 1, 2 and 3 will be repeated three times; one per year. ·         Provide detailed action plans for conducting the training courses as well as the following coaching and follow-up. ·         The training materials should be designed using modern adult learning techniques including real life situations, examples, exercise, roles playing. The materials should be provided in Arabic and English. ·         Prepare and submit interim and end-of-mission reports.  

1.3      Deliverables

·         Provide a detailed time schedule to conduct the business start-up training and the pursuant activities. ·          Prepare a Trainer Manual and supporting training materials (participant’s exercises, hand-outs, slides, etc.) for the training course, based on consultation with the key project team. The final manual should be submitted to the project team no later than 15 days before the start of the course in order to allow adequate time for reviewing and printing. ·         Provide technical inputs and edits to develop and finalize full Business models/plans that will be provided by the participant start-ups (total of 60 small businesses during the project: 20 businesses per year) corresponding to TVET professions of carpentry, welding, aluminium, general electricity and dressmaking in close coherence with the markets and vendors and cooperation with project team and TVET trainers of NECCCRW. ·         Provide assessment and selection methodology with clear criteria in order to be able to select those among the participants who will benefit from a grant? Enhanced business model, realize and materialize products to ensure that it is well-positioned and marketable in the local markets. ·         Coaching plans including timing, contents, check lists and etc. ·         Promote membership and support network linkages with similar businesses in the local market for each start up business. ·         Reporting: provide 1) end-of-patch/cycle reports in due times including full documentation for the implemented activities (e.g. training, coaching, etc.) in addition to 2) end-of mission report at the end of the whole business start-up cycles. See section 4.2 (Time frame) in next. ·         Reporting and correspondence language: English.

4.        Methodology

The training will be conducted through participatory process, where participants will be supported by the Expert to propose their own businesses ideas to work on and to increase their knowledge upon. At the end of the training, participants will have not only understanding of the concepts of business start-up management, but also will produce a business model/feasibility study under closed supervision provided by the Expert. Ideas provided by the trainees (beneficiary grantees) will be corresponding to 5 main professions (crafts) namely carpentry, welding, aluminum, general electricity, dressmaking.

4.1      Assignment's start

As mentioned before, the Expert and NECCCRW will organise a one-day preparatory meeting in due time relevant to the launch of small business start-up training starting from February 2018.

4.2      Time frame

  Interim (end-of-batch /cycle) reports in addition to end-of mission reports are exposed to be carried out and submitted by the Expert/Firm in due timing as pursuant: -          The end-of-batch/cycle report is being carried out and submitted by the expert/firm in time duration of 1 month after the conduction of each training and small business start-up establishment patch/cycle (for 20 selected businesses) and after 6-months and 12-month periods of running the coaching for businesses corresponding to the patch/cycle. -          Thereby, those actions will be run three times within the project lifelong (one per each patch/cycle). -          The end-of-mission report will be carried out within 1 month duration from the end of executing all the three project batches/cycles. This report is most likely to include information about all the assignment related activities including methodologies and approaches adopted, the training implemented, developing business models, running the coaching, selected prominent success stories and all other related issues.  

4.3      Human resources

Within NECCCRW and SCCF whom the expert/firm has to meet (or to be in contact with): -          Project manager. -          Project coordinator. -          Financial director. -          Executive Director. -          SCCF Projects Officer.  

4.4      Documents de reference:

-          Needed project documents. -          NECCCRW training manual / Training course -          NECCCRW internal procedures manual -          Human Resources contracts -          Others  

5.        Requirements for the Expert/Firm

1.1      General Principles

By agreeing these ToR the Expert confirms that he/she meets at least one of the following conditions: ·      The Expert and/or the Firm is a member of a national business development body. ·      The Expert and/or the Firm is authorized and eligible for providing the aforementioned consultancy service and has a full-profile of such delivery of work. ·      Have proven substantial similar experience in provision of services as stated in the scope of work above. ·      Have the resources, ability and technical expertise to provide the required assignment and implementation plan. ·      Submit a full technical proposal and implementation schedule. ·      Submit a detailed financial proposal in accordance with the ToR and the Technical Proposal submitted. ·      Attachment of individual/company profile/CV showing qualifications and previous experience in similar assignments.

1.2      Qualifications, Experience and Team Composition

The Expert/Firm will employ adequate staff with appropriate professional qualifications in small business start-up management within several years in consultancy domain.     Expert Requirements:   1.    Advanced university degree in marketing, business, economics or other related discipline; 2.    At least 10 years of experience in running, supporting or commercializing businesses within the private sector including TVET-based businesses; 3.    At least 7 years of experience in delivering training and coaching services for related TVET business startups including developing business models; 4.    Well connected with local, regional and international markets and support networks. 5.    Experience in the development of related business partnerships; 6.    Experience in monitoring the businesses and doing the proper follow-up. 7.    Has the contextual knowledge and capability to work with TVET-based business start-ups based in the Gaza Strip; 8.    Excellent communication, presentation and reporting skills; and, 9.    Excellent drafting skills in English and Arabic.  

6.        Submission of proposals

Experts/Firms will be expected to detail in their submissions indicating how they would undertake the required role and provide the following; §  A “one original copy” of Technical Proposal for providing the actions described above with estimated time assigned (15 hrs per each startup). §  A “one original copy” of Financial Proposal describing the costs assigned to the tasks. §  Supporting documents and qualifications. §  ToR copy would be requested at NECC-Head Quarter Bldg., Gaza city.     §  All proposals are kindly requested to be delivered no later than Wednesday 10/1/2018 to the following address: NECC Head Quarter Bldg., 22/330 Said Al’as Street, Remal, Gaza, Palestine, and to the emails: necc@neccgaza.org, m.alhalimi@neccgaza.org and missioncourte@secours-catholique.org. §  For queries corresponded to this assignment, we are delighted to receive it by Eng. Mahmoud Alhalimi, the TVET Program Coordinator, cell no: 0599 604 641. §  Following submission, NECC may engage in further discussion with applicants concerning quotations in order to ensure mutual understanding and an optimal agreement.

7.        Method of payment:

§  The service provider will be paid correspondently with the end of certain tasks and deliverables as per the assignment contract.       Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA
Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA